These thermal imaging bands provide data used to measure evapotranspiration, map urban heat fluxes, monitor lake thermal plumes, identify mosquito breeding areas and provide cloud measurements. TIRS is a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) based instrument that provides continuity for two infrared bands not imaged by OLI. The SWIR band (1360 - 1390 nm) is used for detecting cirrus clouds. The NVIR bands are primarily used for aerosol, pigments and coastal zone monitoring, whilst the SWIR bands are used for foliage, mineral and litter observation. The thermal imaging band (TIR) was removed due to the extra cost of active cooling. OLI has nine spectral bands covering a spectral range from 433 - 2300 nm, including five in the visible and near infrared spectrum (NVIR), three in the short-wave infrared spectrum (SWIR), and one panchromatic image (PAN) band for image sharpening.
Developed by Ball Aerospace Technology Corporation (BATC), the OLI instrument is a multispectral and moderate resolution imager. Landsat-8 features an Operational Land Imager (OLI) and a Thermal Infrared Sensor instrument (TIRS), which together replace the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instrument on the preceding satellite (Landsat-7).
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